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Fire Suppression System

What is a Fire Suppression System?

A fire suppression system is any product designed to stop a fire from spreading. It gets the name suppression system as it aims to hold back the fire and the damage it may cause. Preventing the fire from spreading mitigates losses and allows time for emergency personnel to respond.
While sprinkler systems are the most common type of fire suppression system, some applications require special hazard fire suppression systems that do not use water. These systems are unique in that they can deal with hazards where water could actually do more harm than good. Within fire science, there are several classes of fires: class A, B, C, D, and K. The fuel of the fire will dictate what can put it out. Class A fires, for example, involve wood, and a sprinkler system would work well. A Class C fire, on the other hand, is an electrical fire and that may get worse by trying to suppress it with water. In summary, the specific environment will determine which system will work best.

When choosing a clean agent fire suppression system, the logistics of the space you are trying to protect is an important consideration. All three of these systems store the clean agent in pressurized cylinders. But, the quantity of suppression agent can hold depends on the type of agent.Clean agents are stored in cylinders and are discharged through a fixed piping system at concentrations calculated based on the area are intended to protect. All three agents, Inert, Novec 1230, and FM-200 extinguish Class A, B, and C fires, are electrically non-conductive, and will not short-out electronic equipment or thermally shock delicate circuitry. The table below provides some general information for each clean agent.
  Inert Gas Novec 1230 FM-200
Type of Compound A mixture of the inert gases: nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide (CO2) A fluorinated ketone containing carbon, fluorine, and oxygen A hydro fluorocarbon (HFC) compound containing hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon
Storage Stored as a gas Stored as a liquid Stored as a liquefied  compressed gas
Discharge Time 60 seconds 10 seconds 10 seconds
Clean Up None None None

Types of Fire Suppression Systems

Engineered vs. pre-engineered fire suppression systems also need discussion. Engineered fire suppression systems will protect an entire room. for example, clean agents that are safe with electronics and can be inhaled without doing any harm to a person.

Pre-engineered systems are used to protect small compartments or micro-environments. Engine compartments and electrical panels are good examples of where these types of systems would provide protection. They are also useful for suppressing fires in CNC and EDM machines.

Direct Release Systems

How it works: In a direct release system, the suppressant will come through the hole in the tube directly.

Common applications: Direct release systems are recommended for electrical panel and server rack protection.

Here’s how they work:

  1. During a fire, the portion of the tube nearest the point where the most heat is detected ruptures, forming a spray nozzle.
  2. The pressure decreases as the tubing releases fire suppression Agent from the cylinder through the spray nozzle (burst hole) to effectively suppress the fire.
  3. A direct release system can be installed to protect multiple enclosures using a single cylinder by routing additional tubing to each enclosed space.

Key benefits: The direct release system works well for protection of electrical hazards, because it does not rely on any metal components installed within an electrical enclosure. Metal components, like nozzles, can cause electrical arc faults, which actually increase your fire risk. Because direct release systems rely entirely on the tubing, a plastic material, fire risk is reduced.

System Components

Suppression System Cylinder Filled with Agent

Direct Low Pressure Valve

Heat Detection Tube

End of line Adapter

End of line Plug

Standard Connections